In between HST 421 and 489, students take nine courses from the list of graduate colloquia.  These colloquia share the programmatic emphasis of the curriculum with their emphasis on the historiographical aspects of their respective topic.  Note that that every colloquium, when offered, has a subtitle which identifies the specific sub-topic to be addressed that particular quarter. (For example: HST 431 Colloquium in American History: The New Deal.)   As long as the topics (as reflected in the subtitle) of  any colloquium are different, students may take more than one of any of the above courses.  In order to ensure that students realize the curricular goals of breadth of exposure to the historical discipline, however, in no case is a student to take more than four colloquia bearing the same number.  Thus, at the minimum, students will take courses in at least three different areas (as defined by colloquia titles).